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Labor Market Search, Informality and Schooling Investments
We develop a search and matching model where firms and workers are allowed to form matches (jobs) that can be formal or informal. Workers optimally choose the level of schooling acquired before enteri...
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Indonesia - 2022-2026 Strategy
Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago and the leading power in Southeast Asia. Over the period 2022–2026, the overarching goal of AFD Group’s activity in Indonesia will be to accompany the coun...
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AFD group and the Palestinian Territories
Present since 1999 in the Palestinian Territories where it has already invested more than 500 million euros, AFD group continues, as part of its country strategy 2021-2025, to contribute to the implem...
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AFD Group and Lebanon
AFD Group has become a key player in the Lebanese landscape thanks to the historical relationship between France and Lebanon. Over the years, AFD has established itself as a recognised partner for Leb...
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The Quality of Growth: Accounting for Sustainability
This paper has three purposes. First, it follows the UN conceptual and measurement approach in providing a welfare theoretic framework for sustainability. The intergenerational conditions for sustaina...
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Holding Land in Common within Cities
In the Global South, access to decent housing and secure land tenure remains a great challenge for most urban dwellers. Yet secure land tenure is a key component of urban resilience. This paper summar...
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Afd2025: Development agencies, steering through future worlds
What world awaits us in 2025? How to gear up for it and build a world which attracts us? AFD has conducted an impressive forward-looking exercise – Afd2025. Its initiators tell us about the four scena...
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The AFD Carbon Footprint Tool for projects - User’s Guide and Methodology
AFD (Agence Française de Développement) aims to promote low-carbon development through the projects it finances, in line with France’s commitment to combat climate change and AFD’s strategic orientati...
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AFD Group Exclusion list
The objective of the exclusion list is to clearly indicate the activities that the Group refuses to finance due to ethical, regulatory, environmental or social criteria, and arising from the applicati...
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Environmental and Social Risk Management Policy for AFD-funded Operations
Environmental and Social Risk Management Policy for AFD-funded Operations
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Climate activity of the AFD Group in 2016
Over 3.5 billion euros dedicated to climate: commitments continuously rising
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Indonesia: Reforms to Meet Development Challenges
The Indonesian economy is experiencing structural changes and must deal with new challenges in an uncer¬tain international setting. In the past decade, its industry has undergone reprimarization (focu...
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Transitioning towards a low-carbon economy in Mexico: an application of the ThreeME model
This document offers an empirical application of the notion of energy transition to the Mexican economy and it takes the next step of simulating medium- and long-term impacts of proposed and future en...
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Networks of stranded assets: A case for a balance sheet approach
Moving to a low-carbon economic system will require several industrial sectors to undertake a deep technological transformation of their production processes, leading some of their physical capital as...
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Kochi Metro Experience
THE KOCHI METRO EXPERIENCE: A valuable contribution to the history of Indian metros
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Global Migration in the 20th and 21st Centuries: the Unstoppable Force of Demography
This paper sheds light on the global migration patterns of the past 40 years, and produces migration projections for the 21st century, for two skill groups, and for all relevant pairs of countries. To...
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Climate: the Financial Challenge
Climate change: a challenge for the financial sector Long seen by the financial sector as a marginal issue driven by a few pioneers, in recent years, climate change has become a central issue for the...
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AFD’s Presentation to Investors
AFD funds itself mainly on capital markets. As a frequent issuer, AFD issues several public transactions every year and answers to specific queries from investors. AFD commits to communicating detai...
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Outlooks for flare reduction in Nigeria
In 2015, 350 trillions of cubic feet (tnscf) of gas were flared in Nigeria, amounting to 12% of the overall gas production for an estimated economic loss of more than US$1 bn of gas. Beyond the econom...
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Uganda
Uganda is a landlocked country in East Africa, it has experienced steady growth for the past 10 years and its poverty rate has significantly decreased. However, the country must create jobs and build...
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